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Spray Nozzle BasicsThere are thousands of different types of spray nozzles. Every spray nozzle produces a spray pattern and is the most basic distinguishing characteristic. Nozzle selection typically begins by determining the type of spray pattern required for an operation be it cooling, cleaning, coating, lubricating, drying, parts washing or others. Hollow Cone (whirl chamber-type)
Spray angles: 40° to 165° Hollow Cone (deflected-type)Utilizes a deflector cap to form an “umbrella” shaped hollow cone pattern. Larger capacities can be used to flush or clean tube and pipe interiors and small tanks. Spray angles: 100° to 180° Hollow Cone (spiral-type)Provides a hollow cone pattern with drops that are slightly coarser than those in other hollow cone sprays. Provides high flow rate in a compact nozzle size. The one piece design features maximum throughput for a given pipe size. Spray angles: 50° to 180° Full ConeUtilizes an internal vane to provide a uniform, round, full spray pattern with medium-to-large sized drops. Provides full spray pattern coverage with medium-to-large flow rates. Some vaneless models and oval spray models are also available. Spray angles: 15° to 125° Full Cone (spiral-type)Provides relatively coarse drops in a full cone pattern with minimal flow obstruction. Spray coverage is not as uniform as that from conventional internal vane-type nozzles. Provides high flow rates in a compact nozzle size. Spray angles: 50° to 170° Flat Spray (tapered)A tapered-edge flat spray pattern nozzle is usually installed on a header to provide uniform coverage over the entire swath as a result of overlapping distributions. Designed to be used on a spray manifold or header for uniform, overall coverage across the impact area. Spray angles: 15° to 110° Flat (even)Provides even distribution throughout the entire flat spray pattern. Produces medium-sized drops. Ideal where high and uniform spray impact is required. The thin rectangular pattern of this nozzle provides uniform coverage. In manifold set-ups, the nozzles are carefully positioned for edge-to-edge pattern contact. Designed primarily for high-impact applications. Spray angles: 25° to 65° Flat Spray (deflected type)Produces a relatively even flat spray pattern of medium-sized drops. The spray pattern is formed by liquid flowing over the deflector surface from a round orifice. Large free passage design through the round orifice reduces clogging. Narrow spray angles provide higher impact, while the wide-angle versions produce a lower impact. Spray angles: 15° to 150° Solid StreamSolid stream nozzles provide the highest impact per unit area. Ideal wherever a very high spray impact is required. Spray angles: 0° Atomizing (hydraulic, fine mist)A hydraulic, finely atomized, low capacity spray in a hollow cone pattern. Used to produce finely atomized sprays when compressed air is not desirable. Spray angles: 35° to 165° Air Atomizing and Air AssistedAtomization produced by a combination of air and liquid pressures. Air assisted nozzles feature internal impingement atomization to assist fine drop formation. The most widely used nozzle group for producing finely atomized sprays in a wide range of capacities. Cone and flat spray patterns |
Spray Technology Reference Guide: Understanding Drop Size, Bulletin 459BView · Request |
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Available in a wide range of capacities and drop sizes. Provides a good interface between air and drop surfaces. The extensive range of capacities and drop sizes makes the hollow cone nozzle useful for a variety of applications where a combination of small drop size and capacity is required.